Every time a smartphone snaps a photo, millions of tiny light detectors capture the scene and then ferry all that raw data across the chip to a separate processor for storage and number-crunching.

The nuclear factor (NF)-κB, inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB) and IκB kinase (IKK) pathway is activated in response to various stimuli in many cell types. NF-κB is activated by many mechanisms, including the ...